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ATOMIC MODEL

NEW ATOMIC MODEL



Atomic Model
- (Modelo atomico)

This new atomic model is based in an individual form of the nucleus....

NEW ATOMIC MODEL

BASES

The nucleus of the atom is not reduced to the stack random of protons and neutrons in a central sphere.

These nucleons (protons & neutrons), are disposed pursuant to a special arrangement, alone and individual for each element.

In the current atom model the nucleus is surrounded of electrons disposed in capes. The electrons of the last cape are the responsible for the chemistry and physical properties of the different elements.

On the contrary, in the new atom model presented here, these properties come due to the form as are put the nucleons.

The nucleus is constituted by a central part that in all the cases has the form of regular tetrahedron and on this center are groups disposed of 2 or 3 nucleons according to the atomic mass and the valency of the element.

SUMMARY

HYDROGEN: Is the same atom of Bohr and it is formed by a nucleon with an electron that turns around it.

Note: In the figures are not drawn the electrons.

Protio.jpg (978 bytes)
DEUTERIUM: It is formed by two nucleons united between them. The electron turns in one of the extremes. Deuterium.jpg (1321 bytes)
TRITIUM: It is formed by three nucleons united in a straight line. The electron turns in one of the extremes. Tritio.jpg (1970 bytes)
HELIUM 3: It is formed by three nucleons disposed in equilateral triangle. This structure is more stable than TRITIUM. It is possible to group three nucleons forming an angle of, for example, 90 degrees, but this structure will have a resulting moment that will make it unstable. Helium3.jpg (1617 bytes)
HELIUM 4: Is obtained by the fusion of four nucleons. Four nucleons can be disposed in many ways, but just prevails the most stable. The most stable way to group four nucleons are in the form of tetrahedron, therefore the Helium 4 has form of regular pyramid.

Note: The atoms that have greater symmetry are the most stable.

Helium4.jpg (1503 bytes)
HELIUM 5: It is formed when the Helium 4 is added a nucleon in one of its faces.

Note: The colors assigned to the nucleons in the figures only have a didactic function.

Helium5.jpg (1876 bytes)
LITHIUM 5: It is formed when the Helium 4 is added to a nucleon, not on one of its faces, but on one of the vertices.

Remark: The Helium 5 and Lithium 5 have the same mass but have different form. This difference of form confers them a too differents physical and chemistries properties too.

Lithium5.jpg (1745 bytes)
LITHIUM 6: The central part is the Helium 4 and on one of its vertex are found two nucleons aligned as an "arm". In the extreme of this arm orbits an electron, which determines that its valency is one. Lithium6.jpg (1913 bytes)
LITHIUM 7: It is formed when the Lithium 6 is added to it a nucleon directly to the opposite face of the vertex o ccupied by an "arm". Lithium7.jpg (1627 bytes)
BERYLLIUM 7: It is formed when the Lithium 6 is added a nucleon to one of its free vertices. Beryllium7.jpg (1834 bytes)
BERYLLIUM 8: The central part is the Helium 4 and on two of its vertex are found two arms with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way that its valency is two. Beryllium8.jpg (4110 bytes)
BORON 10: The central part is the Helium 4 and on three of its vertex are found three arms with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm gyrates an electron in such a way that its valency is three. Boron10.jpg (2575 bytes)
CARBON 12: The central part is the Helium 4 and on each one of its four vertex is found an arm with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way its valency that is four.

Note: The four arms of the carbon form angles of 109° between them, for that reason compounds as the CH4 or the CCl4 have form of tetrahedron.

Carbon12.jpg (2242 bytes)
CARBON 14: It is formed added a nucleon in two of the faces of the helium 4 that it is the base of the carbon 12. These two nucleons remove the symmetry of the Carbon 12, by this the Carbon 14 is unstable.

CARBON 15: It is formed added an other nucleon to one other of the faces of the Carbon 14.

Carbon14.jpg (2299 bytes)
NITROGEN 14: It is formed removing to the Carbon 15 a nucleon of the arm that is in the axis symmetriy. The electrons turn in the three remaining arms, giving thus its valency. Nitrogen14.jpg (2100 bytes)
OXYGEN 16: It is formed removing a nucleon to one arm of the Nitrogen 14 and adding three nucleons to the faces in such a way that is obtained a great symmetry. The electrons turn in the two remaining arms, giving thus its valency. Oxigen.jpg (2661 bytes)
FLUORINE 18:: It is formed removing a nucleon to one arm of the Oxygen 16 and adding 3 nucleons to the faces in such a way that is obtained a great symmetry. An electron turns in the remaining arm, giving thus its valency.
NEON 20: It is obtained by the fusion of five Helium 4 kernels in such a way that form an a regular tetrahedron. Neon20.jpg (3239 bytes)
SODIUM 22: The central part is the Neon 20 and on one of its vertices are found two nucleons aligned as an "arm". In the extreme of this arm orbits an electron, which determines that the valency will be one.

Note: It is observed that the Sodium and the Lithium have similar form, for that reason have similar physical and chemestry properties too.

Sodium22.jpg (2155 bytes)
MAGNESIUM 24: The central part is the Neón 20 and on two of its vertex are found two arms with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way that its valency is two. Magnesium24.jpg (2229 bytes)
ALUMINIUM 26: The central part is the Neón 20 and on three of its vertex are found three arms with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm gyrates an electron in such a way its valency is three. Aluminium.jpg (2188 bytes)
SILICON 28: The central part is the Helium 4 and on each one of its four vertex is found an arm with two nucleons. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way its valency that is four.

Note: The Silicon and Carbon has similar form.

Silicon28.jpg (2226 bytes)
PHOSPHORUS 30: It is formed removing to the Silicon 28 an arm with two nucleons and adding to it two arms of two nucleons each one on two of its faces. The electrons turn of its arms determining its valencies. Fosforus30.jpg (2991 bytes)
SULPHUR 32: It is formed removing to the Phosphorus 30 an arm with two nucleons and adding to it two arms of two nucleones each one on the two free faces. The electrons turn of its arms giving thus its valencies. Sulphur32.jpg (2588 bytes)

CHLORINE 35

chlorine.jpg (2518 bytes)

 

Due to the briefness of this presentation, all the elements of periodic table can't be described. For the time being it's easy to say that all the elemnts are formed following a similar procedure.

The elements of the second series of periodic table are formed starting from Neon 20, which at the same time is obtained by the fusion of five Helium 4 kernels in a regular tetrahedron form.

The elements of the third series are formed startin from Argon 36, which at the same time is constituted by a nucleus of Neon 20 and four nucleus of Helium 4 placed on the 4 faces of Neon.

It is important to emphasize that the elements of a same group have a similar structure.

Using the previous procedure is obtained the form of the kernels from all the elements from periodic table, furthemore predicts ach the existence of three noble gases with isotopes mass 60, 104 and 192 respectively.

MODELO ATOMICO DE BOHR

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

° This New Atom Model is totally according to the experimental reality.

° In this New Atom Model, the chemistry is more comprehensible and easy to study.

° The current chemistry is made with a whole slew of rules, principles, exceptions and ad hoc
   definitions that this new model does not require.

° The develop of this New Atom Model has multiple applications, for example: Pharmacist,
Nuclear Energy and the develop of new materials, and others.

NUEVO MODELO ATOMICO

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July   4  of 2006 (Last Update)

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MODELO ATOMICO DE BOHR