| HYDROGEN: Is the same atom of Bohr and it is formed by a nucleon with an electron that
turns around it. Note:
In the figures are not drawn the electrons. |
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| DEUTERIUM: It is formed by two nucleons united between them. The electron turns in one of
the extremes. |
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| TRITIUM: It is formed by three nucleons united in a straight line. The electron turns in
one of the extremes. |
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| HELIUM 3: It is formed by three nucleons disposed in equilateral triangle. This structure
is more stable than TRITIUM. It is possible to group three nucleons forming an angle of,
for example, 90 degrees, but this structure will have a resulting moment that will make it
unstable. |
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| HELIUM 4: Is obtained by the fusion of four nucleons. Four nucleons can be disposed in many
ways, but just prevails the most stable. The most stable way to group four nucleons are in
the form of tetrahedron, therefore the Helium 4 has form of regular pyramid. Note: The atoms that
have greater symmetry are the most stable. |
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| HELIUM 5: It is formed when the Helium 4 is added a nucleon in one of its faces. Note: The colors
assigned to the nucleons in the figures only have a didactic function. |
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| LITHIUM 5: It is formed when the Helium 4 is added to a nucleon, not on one of its faces,
but on one of the vertices. Remark: The Helium 5 and Lithium 5 have the same mass but have different
form. This difference of form confers them a too differents physical and chemistries
properties too. |
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| LITHIUM 6: The central part is the Helium 4 and on one of its vertex are found two nucleons
aligned as an "arm". In the extreme of this arm orbits an electron, which
determines that its valency is one. |
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| LITHIUM 7: It is formed when the Lithium 6 is added to it a nucleon directly to the opposite
face of the vertex o ccupied by an "arm". |
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| BERYLLIUM 7: It is formed when the Lithium 6 is added a nucleon to one of its free vertices. |
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| BERYLLIUM 8: The central part is the Helium 4 and on two of its vertex are found two arms with
two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way that its
valency is two. |
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| BORON 10: The central part is the Helium 4 and on three of its vertex are found three arms
with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm gyrates an electron in such a way
that its valency is three. |
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| CARBON 12: The central part is the Helium 4 and on each one of its four vertex is found an
arm with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way
its valency that is four. Note: The four arms of the carbon form angles of 109° between them, for that
reason compounds as the CH4 or the CCl4 have form of tetrahedron. |
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| CARBON 14: It is formed added a nucleon in two of the faces of the helium 4 that it is the
base of the carbon 12. These two nucleons remove the symmetry of the Carbon 12, by this
the Carbon 14 is unstable. CARBON
15: It is formed added an other nucleon to one other of the faces of the
Carbon 14. |
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| NITROGEN 14: It is formed removing to the Carbon 15 a nucleon of the arm that is in the axis
symmetriy. The electrons turn in the three remaining arms, giving thus its valency. |
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| OXYGEN 16: It is formed removing a nucleon to one arm of the Nitrogen 14 and adding three
nucleons to the faces in such a way that is obtained a great symmetry. The electrons turn
in the two remaining arms, giving thus its valency. |
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| FLUORINE 18:: It is formed removing a nucleon to one arm of the Oxygen 16 and adding 3
nucleons to the faces in such a way that is obtained a great symmetry. An electron turns
in the remaining arm, giving thus its valency. |
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| NEON 20:
It is obtained by the fusion of five Helium 4 kernels in such a way that form an a
regular tetrahedron. |
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| SODIUM 22: The central part is the Neon 20 and on one of its vertices are found two nucleons
aligned as an "arm". In the extreme of this arm orbits an electron, which
determines that the valency will be one. Note: It is observed that the Sodium and the Lithium have
similar form, for that reason have similar physical and chemestry properties too. |
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| MAGNESIUM 24: The central part is the Neón 20 and on two of its vertex are found two arms
with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way
that its valency is two. |
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| ALUMINIUM 26: The central part is the Neón 20 and on three of its vertex are found three arms
with two nucleons each one. In the extreme of each arm gyrates an electron in such a way
its valency is three. |
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| SILICON 28: The central part is the Helium 4 and on each one of its four vertex is found an
arm with two nucleons. In the extreme of each arm turns an electron in such a way its
valency that is four. Note:
The Silicon and Carbon has similar form. |
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| PHOSPHORUS 30: It is formed removing to the Silicon 28 an arm with two nucleons and adding to it
two arms of two nucleons each one on two of its faces. The electrons turn of its arms
determining its valencies. |
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| SULPHUR 32: It is formed removing to the Phosphorus 30 an arm with two nucleons and adding to
it two arms of two nucleones each one on the two free faces. The electrons turn of its
arms giving thus its valencies. |
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CHLORINE 35 |
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